This is a great (and common) question.
There isn’t really a “one size fits all” answer. But I would use these criteria to guide the choices:
– Herbs you need for your own particular health problems
– Herbs not conveniently available in the wild
– In a public garden, no super-invasive species (mints, comfrey etc…)
Calendula & yarrow would be good choices. They do a lot of things and will produce a lot of material. You could also plant some cayenne pepper plants. Garlic and parsley are also well behaved and medicinally excellent.
In the pots around your house you could do some Lobelia, some mints (peppermint, lemon balm, skullcap), some culinary herbs…maybe even a comfrey plant if you have a big pot. 🙂
Patrick
Don't use herbs or combine herbs with medications or use them during lactation or pregnancy without talking with your healthcare provider.